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Cognitive dysfunction and imipramine in outpatient depressive

R M Glass, E H Uhlenhuth, F W Hartel

    Archives of General Psychiatry
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cognitive dysfunction, including impaired short-term memory, is present in moderately depressed outpatients. Antidepressant treatment with imipramine hydrochloride improved memory performance, suggesting cognitive benefits may precede clinical improvement in depression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Depression is often associated with cognitive impairments.
    • Previous research indicates deficits in memory and attention in depressed individuals.
    • The specific nature of cognitive dysfunction in non-psychotic, ambulatory depressed patients requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate short-term memory performance in moderately depressed outpatients compared to controls.
    • To assess the effect of imipramine hydrochloride on cognitive function in this patient group.
    • To determine if cognitive improvements correlate with clinical changes in depression.

    Main Methods:

    • A crossover study design was employed with three-week treatment periods.

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  • Participants included moderately depressed, nonpsychotic outpatients and matched normal controls.
  • Cognitive tasks assessed short-term item recognition, speed, and attention; imipramine hydrochloride was compared against placebo.

    • Main Results:

    • Moderately depressed outpatients demonstrated impaired performance on a short-term item-recognition memory task compared to controls.
    • Imipramine hydrochloride treatment improved memory task performance relative to placebo.
    • No significant clinical improvement in depression or enhanced performance on attention/speed tasks was observed with imipramine hydrochloride.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive dysfunction, specifically in short-term memory, is evident in ambulatory, non-psychotic depressed patients.
    • Antidepressant medication, such as imipramine hydrochloride, can enhance cognitive function in depressed individuals.
    • Improvements in cognitive function may serve as an early indicator of treatment response, potentially preceding clinical symptom remission.