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Open tibia fracture with compartment syndrome

J C DeLee, J B Stiehl

    Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
    |October 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Open tibia fractures can lead to compartment syndrome, a serious complication. Early recognition of symptoms and a single posterolateral incision for decompression are crucial for managing this condition effectively.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Trauma Care

    Background:

    • Open tibia fractures are complex injuries with a risk of developing compartment syndrome.
    • Compartment syndrome can occur after initial fracture management, including debridement and reduction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the incidence and clinical presentation of compartment syndrome in open tibia fractures.
    • To recommend optimal surgical decompression techniques for compartment syndrome in this patient population.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 104 open tibia fracture cases.
    • Analysis of clinical symptoms and surgical interventions for compartment syndrome.

    Main Results:

    • Six patients (5.8%) developed compartment syndrome affecting all four lower leg compartments.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Four cases of compartment syndrome arose post-initial debridement and reduction.
  • Clinical signs included pain, sensory loss, decreased strength, and swollen compartments.
  • Conventional double fasciotomy incisions compromised fracture stability.

    • Conclusions:

    • Open tibia fractures with associated comminuted fibula fractures warrant vigilance for compartment syndrome.
    • A single posterolateral incision is recommended for fasciotomy to maintain fracture stability while achieving adequate decompression.