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The Russian flu. Its history and implications for this year's influenza season
Abstract:
From November 1977 through mid-January 1978 the population younger than 25 years in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics experienced a widespread epidemic of mild influenza (Russian flu) caused by an H1N1 virus similar to the virus that circulated worldwide during the early 1950s. Outbreaks of Russian flu occurred in school populations and military recruits in the United States starting in mid-January. Many other countries reported outbreaks of H1N1 virus in the winter of 1978. Predictions of influenza activity are always hazardous, but most experts believe that the Russian flu may occur again in the fall and winter of 1978. Other type A and B strains may also circulate; therefore, a trivalent vaccine containing A/USSR, A/Texas, and B/Hong Kong virus strains will be available. It is recommended that the chronically ill and those 65 years and older be the target populations for annual vaccination.
Insights
A mild Russian flu epidemic caused by an H1N1 influenza virus occurred in the USSR and spread globally in late 1977-1978. Experts predict its return in fall/winter 1978, necessitating vaccination for high-risk groups.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- A widespread, mild influenza epidemic, termed Russian flu, affected individuals under 25 in the USSR from November 1977 to January 1978.
- The epidemic was caused by an H1N1 influenza virus strain, similar to one circulating in the early 1950s.
- Outbreaks of this H1N1 virus were subsequently reported in the United States and other countries during the winter of 1978.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on the epidemiology of the 1977-1978 Russian flu epidemic.
- To discuss the potential for future influenza outbreaks and the development of preventative measures.
Main Methods:
- Surveillance of influenza outbreaks.
- Identification of the causative influenza virus strain (H1N1).
- Analysis of epidemiological patterns and predictions.
Main Results:
- The Russian flu epidemic was characterized by mild symptoms and primarily affected younger populations.
- The H1N1 virus responsible for the epidemic showed similarities to strains from the 1950s.
- International spread of the virus was observed, leading to outbreaks in multiple countries.
Conclusions:
- While the 1977-1978 Russian flu was mild, experts anticipate its potential recurrence in the upcoming fall and winter seasons.
- A trivalent influenza vaccine, including A/USSR, A/Texas, and B/Hong Kong strains, will be available.
- Annual vaccination is recommended for high-risk populations, including the chronically ill and individuals aged 65 and older.