Nutrition and the adolescent: an update

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Adolescent Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Protein-calorie malnutrition impacts 25% of hospitalized adolescents, increasing morbidity and mortality.
• Certain adolescent subgroups, like Asian immigrants, face high risk for vitamin D deficient rickets.
• Excessive vitamin D intake may pose risks, as suggested by animal studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current nutrition research relevant to adolescent healthcare.
• To identify key nutritional concerns and risk factors in adolescents.
• To inform clinical practice regarding adolescent nutrition.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of selected nutrition research.
• Analysis of studies focusing on adolescent health outcomes.
• Synthesis of findings on specific micronutrients and macronutrients.

Main Results:

• Protein-calorie malnutrition is a significant concern in hospitalized adolescents.
• Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in specific subgroups; excessive intake may have risks.
• Iron and zinc deficiencies require careful assessment in at-risk adolescents.
• Oral contraceptives may affect vitamin B6 and lipid levels.

Conclusions:

• Adolescent nutrition requires targeted attention, addressing malnutrition and specific deficiencies.
• Accurate diagnosis of iron deficiency is needed, distinguishing it from anemia.
• Zinc assessment is vital for adolescents with short stature or Crohn's disease.
• The impact of oral contraceptives on nutrient status and lipids warrants consideration.