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Basic peptide with insulin-like activity in human serum

N Sasaki, T Okabe, Y Imai

    Endocrinologia Japonica
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers isolated a peptide with insulin-like activity from human plasma, identifying it as an insulin-like growth factor (IGF). This IGF exhibits distinct properties from somatomedin A and shows varying serum concentrations in endocrine disorders.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Endocrinology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Human plasma contains various growth factors with insulin-like properties.
    • Accurate characterization of these factors is crucial for understanding metabolic and growth regulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To isolate and characterize a peptide with insulin-like activity from human plasma.
    • To determine its biological functions and potential classification as an insulin-like growth factor (IGF).

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and purification using techniques including acid-ethanol extraction, Sephadex G-75 and G-50 gel filtration, CM-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing.
    • Activity monitoring via radioreceptor assay (RRA) for insulin and somatomedin A.
    • Assessment of biological functions including glucose oxidation in adipocytes, sulfation in chondrocytes, and mitogenic activity in Balb/c-3T3 cells.

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    Main Results:

    • A peptide with significant insulin-like activity (ILA) was isolated and purified.
    • The purified peptide demonstrated potent glucose oxidation, sulfation, and mitogenic activities.
    • Chromatographic and isoelectric focusing behavior distinguished it from somatomedin A.
    • Estimated molecular weight was 7,000, with specific activity of approximately 200 mU insulin equivalent/mg protein.
    • Serum concentrations of this basic ILA were elevated in acromegaly and reduced in hypopituitarism.

    Conclusions:

    • The isolated peptide is classified as an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) due to its biological activities.
    • It is biochemically distinct from somatomedin A and potentially related to IGF-I or somatomedin C.
    • The developed RRA for this IGF allows for serum concentration determination, revealing its clinical relevance in endocrine conditions.