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Developmental changes in pancreatic endocrine function in the young calf

S R Bloom, A V Edwards

    The Journal of Physiology
    |May 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Newborn calves show impaired insulin release but developed glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) responses to 2-deoxyglucose. Glucose suppresses these hormones directly, with PP response potentially enhanced by suckling factors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neonatal Physiology

    Background:

    • Autonomic innervation plays a key role in pancreatic endocrine regulation.
    • Understanding neonatal endocrine responses is crucial for assessing metabolic health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate pancreatic endocrine responses to 2-deoxyglucose in 24-hour-old calves.
    • To compare these responses with those in older calves.

    Main Methods:

    • Intravenous administration of 2-deoxyglucose (1.2 mmol/kg) to assess autonomic-mediated endocrine release.
    • Intravenous glucose infusions to evaluate direct glucose effects on hormone release.
    • Measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), haematocrit, and cortisol concentrations.

    Main Results:

    • Neurally mediated insulin release was defective in 24-hour-old calves.
    • Pancreatic glucagon and PP release in response to 2-deoxyglucose were fully developed at 24 hours.
    • Glucose infusions suppressed glucagon and PP release, indicating direct action on pancreatic alpha and PP cells.
    • Similar haematocrit and cortisol changes suggest equipotent brain stimulation by 2-deoxyglucose in suckled and unsuckled calves.
    • Plasma PP response to 2-deoxyglucose was potentiated by an unidentified factor in suckled calves.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonatal calves exhibit specific deficits in neurally mediated insulin release shortly after birth.
    • The capacity for glucagon and PP release in response to neural stimuli matures early in neonatal calves.
    • Glucose exerts a direct inhibitory effect on pancreatic glucagon and PP secretion.
    • Suckling status may influence the pancreatic polypeptide response to 2-deoxyglucose through unidentified factors.

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