Tarsal coalitions: an instructional review

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Podiatry
• Skeletal Biology

Background:

• Tarsal coalitions represent abnormal bony or fibrous unions between tarsal bones.
• These conditions are predominantly congenital but can be acquired due to trauma or rheumatic diseases.
• They can manifest clinically as peroneal spastic flatfoot or rigid valgus foot.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the etiology, clinical presentation, and management of tarsal coalitions.
• To highlight the spectrum of tarsal coalition presentations and their impact on foot biomechanics.
• To discuss the role of conservative versus surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of congenital and acquired tarsal coalitions.
• Analysis of clinical findings associated with tarsal coalition.
• Evaluation of treatment outcomes for conservative and surgical approaches.

Main Results:

• Tarsal coalitions are most commonly congenital, involving abnormal connections between tarsal bones.
• Clinical symptoms include peroneal spastic flatfoot or rigid valgus foot.
• Conservative management is a viable option for a subset of patients.

Conclusions:

• Tarsal coalitions are a significant cause of foot pain and deformity.
• Non-operative management should be considered prior to surgical intervention.
• Understanding the etiology and presentation is key to effective treatment planning.