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Haptoglobin: a natural bacteriostat

J W Eaton, P Brandt, J R Mahoney

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 5, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hemoglobin in wounds fuels dangerous bacterial growth. Haptoglobin, a protein that binds hemoglobin, protected rats from lethal infections, suggesting its therapeutic potential for severe bacterial infections.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Microbiology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Bacterial infections in wounds can be lethal.
    • Hemoglobin iron is suspected to promote bacterial proliferation.
    • Haptoglobin is a natural hemoglobin-binding protein.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of hemoglobin in bacterial infections.
    • To evaluate the protective effect of haptoglobin against hemoglobin-driven bacterial lethality.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were inoculated with pathogenic Escherichia coli and hemoglobin.
    • Haptoglobin was administered simultaneously with bacteria and hemoglobin.
    • Survival rates were monitored.

    Main Results:

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    • Rats receiving hemoglobin and bacteria died.
    • Simultaneous administration of haptoglobin prevented mortality.
    • Haptoglobin appears to limit bacterial access to hemoglobin iron.

    Conclusions:

    • Haptoglobin mitigates the lethal effects of hemoglobin in bacterial infections.
    • Haptoglobin may accelerate free hemoglobin clearance and limit bacterial utilization.
    • Haptoglobin shows therapeutic potential for treating severe bacterial infections driven by hemoglobin.