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Human amniotic fluid alpha-glucosidase

L Poenaru, M C Vinet, J C Dreyfus

    Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
    |November 25, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Midpregnancy amniotic fluid contains alpha-glucosidase activity distinct from lysosomal forms. This amniotic fluid enzyme, linked to lipids, originates from fetal renal and intestinal sources.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Enzymology
    • Prenatal Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Amniotic fluid contains various enzymes crucial for fetal development and diagnostics.
    • Alpha-glucosidase activity in biological fluids can indicate metabolic status.
    • Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase deficiency causes Pompe disease, highlighting the importance of enzyme characterization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the alpha-glucosidase activity present in midpregnancy amniotic fluid.
    • To differentiate amniotic fluid alpha-glucosidase from known forms, particularly the lysosomal enzyme implicated in Pompe disease.
    • To investigate the origin and properties of amniotic fluid alpha-glucosidase.

    Main Methods:

    • Enzyme assays measuring activity at different pH.

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  • Thermal stability tests.
  • Electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing for migration and charge analysis.
  • Immunological cross-reactivity studies.
  • Molecular mass determination.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant alpha-glucosidase activity was detected in midpregnancy amniotic fluid.
    • The amniotic fluid enzyme exhibited distinct properties (pH optimum, thermal stability, migration, pI, mass) compared to lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase.
    • Amniotic fluid alpha-glucosidase also differed from the classical neutral form.
    • Immunological data suggested a dual fetal origin (renal and intestinal).
    • A link between amniotic fluid alpha-glucosidase and lipids was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Amniotic fluid alpha-glucosidase is a distinct enzymatic entity, separate from the lysosomal form associated with Pompe disease.
    • The enzyme likely originates from both fetal renal and intestinal systems.
    • Further research into the role and regulation of amniotic alpha-glucosidase, potentially linked to lipids, is warranted.