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Stress and immune function: a bibliographic review

Annales De Recherches Veterinaires. Annals of Veterinary Research

|January 1, 1980

Summary

Environmental stressors like heat, cold, and crowding impact livestock health by altering immune function. Understanding these stress effects on host resistance is crucial for preventing diseases in farm animals.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Immunology
Animal Science
Environmental Health

Background:

Environmental stressors are implicated in significant livestock diseases such as transmissible gastroenteritis, Newcastle's disease, Marek's disease, and shipping fever.
Limited research exists on how stress specifically modifies host resistance, despite the assumption that the immune system is affected.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify common environmental stressors in livestock production.
To examine the impact of these stressors on animal immune systems.
To establish a foundation for understanding disease-environment interactions and developing prophylactic therapies.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research on environmental stressors and animal health.
Identification of eight key stressors in modern livestock production: heat, cold, crowding, mixing, weaning, limit-feeding, noise, and restraint.
Analysis of studies demonstrating the effects of these stressors on animal immune systems.

Main Results:

Eight common environmental stressors were identified in livestock production.
All identified stressors have been demonstrated to alter animal immune systems.
Changes in immune function due to stress provide a potential physiological basis for disease-environment interactions.

Conclusions:

Environmental stressors significantly impact livestock immune function, potentially increasing disease susceptibility.
Further controlled experiments are necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which stress alters host resistance.
Understanding stress-induced immune changes is vital for developing effective disease prevention and management strategies in livestock.

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