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Molecular mobility on the cell surface

W W Webb, L S Barak, D W Tank

    Biochemical Society Symposium
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cell membrane proteins diffuse slowly due to immobilization. Uncoupling proteins from the cytoskeleton enhances their lateral diffusion, releasing immobilized fractions.

    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Cell Biology
    • Membrane Dynamics

    Background:

    • Fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) has provided extensive data on lateral diffusion of proteins and lipids in cell and model membranes.
    • A key observation is the significantly slower diffusion and partial immobilization of proteins compared to lipids on cell surfaces.
    • Theoretical models predict minimal diffusion differences in fluid membranes, contrasting with experimental findings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the reasons behind the slow diffusion and immobilization of membrane proteins.
    • To explore the relationship between the cytoskeleton and membrane protein mobility.
    • To determine if altering the membrane-cytoskeleton interaction can enhance protein diffusion.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) to measure lateral diffusion coefficients.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparing diffusion rates of proteins and lipids in cell membranes and model lipid membranes.
  • Employing cell blebbing techniques to experimentally uncouple the membrane from the cytoskeleton.

    • Main Results:

    • Protein diffusion coefficients on vertebrate cells were measured as D ≤ 10⁻¹⁰ cm²/s, while lipids diffused at D ≈ 10⁻⁸ cm²/s.
    • A significant fraction of cell membrane proteins were found to be non-diffusible.
    • Model membrane experiments showed protein diffusion coefficients as expected (D ≤ 10⁻⁹ cm²/s).
    • Uncoupling the membrane from the cytoskeleton via blebbing released immobilized proteins, increasing diffusion to D ≥ 10⁻⁹ cm²/s and eliminating the non-diffusible fraction.

    Conclusions:

    • The cell cytoskeleton significantly restricts lateral diffusion and immobilizes membrane proteins.
    • The membrane-cytoskeleton interaction is a primary cause of reduced protein mobility in cell membranes.
    • Disrupting this interaction can restore normal diffusion dynamics to membrane proteins.