Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck

Rhabdomyosarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm that is seen in the head and neck area. Since the symptoms of rhabdomyosarcoma, such as aural discharge and nasal obstruction, mimic common disease states, the clinical diagnosis is often delayed. Case reports and a literature review are presented to emphasize the clinical and roentgenological findings in rhabdomyosarcoma. Misinterpretation of microscopic findings can delay the histological diagnosis. Cross-striations, the "hallmark" of rhabdomyosarcoma, are not always found, while "racquet" and "spindle" cells may be seen. Special stains and electron microscopy can assist the pathologist. The pathological findings of the different variants of rhabdomyosarcoma and a review of cases accessioned by the A.F.I.P. Otolaryngic Registry are presented. Early diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is important because the disease, once inevitably fatal, can now be controlled and apparently cured in most cases by a combination of surgery, radiation, and multidrug chemotherapy. This therapeutic approach, its results, complications, and support measures are considered.