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The vitamin D endocrine system

Advances in Internal Medicine

|January 1, 1982

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores the vitamin D endocrine system, detailing its activation and target tissues. Understanding disruptions in vitamin D bioavailability, metabolism, or response aids in rational therapeutic interventions.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Nutritional Science
Molecular Biology

Background:

Vitamin D is crucial for health, synthesized in skin and absorbed intestinally.
Its active forms, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, are produced via liver and kidney hydroxylation.
Key target tissues include bone, kidney, and intestine, with expanding roles in muscle, pancreas, and skin.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of the vitamin D endocrine system.
To categorize disorders affecting vitamin D homeostasis.
To illustrate therapeutic approaches based on understanding the perturbed level of the system.

Main Methods:

Review of current scientific literature on the vitamin D endocrine system.
Categorization of vitamin D-related disorders.

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Discussion of illustrative examples for each disorder category.

Main Results:

The vitamin D endocrine system involves synthesis, activation, and diverse target tissues.
Disorders fall into categories of decreased bioavailability, abnormal metabolism, or aberrant target tissue response.
Examples include primary biliary cirrhosis (malabsorption), chronic renal failure (metabolism), and vitamin D-dependent rickets type II (target tissue response).

Conclusions:

Disorders of the vitamin D endocrine system can arise from issues with bioavailability, metabolism, or target tissue response.
Specific conditions like primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic renal failure, and vitamin D-dependent rickets type II exemplify these categories.
Understanding the specific level of perturbation in the vitamin D endocrine system is essential for effective therapeutic strategies.