Functional characterization of the cells in chronic neutrophilic leukemia

Light and electron microscopy of neutrophils from chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) did not reveal differences from normal mature neutrophils. However, functional characterization of CNL cells showed marked differences when compared to normal cells. CNL neutrophils were much less viable in suboptimal conditions. Their survival was further reduced by autologous serum and was corrected by normal human serm. CNL cells showed very active phagocytosis, but their bactericidal activity was reduced in suboptimal conditions. The total content of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase was lower in CNL cells compared to normal neutrophils, but the release of these enzymes from stimulated cells was much higher than normal. This observation is compatible with a marked lysosomal lability. Cells from the patients' peripheral blood and bone marrow showed excessive growth in CFU-C assays. Marked susceptibility of CNL cells to cytotoxic activity of cold agglutinins, SLE sera, and CSFs was observed and may signify qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the membrane structure of CNL neutrophils, as compared to normal cells.