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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Diabetes mellitus

S A Kaplan, B M Lippe, C R Brinkman

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |May 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Improved diabetes management, especially in pregnancy, has reduced maternal and infant mortality. Tighter control of insulin-dependent diabetes through frequent monitoring and insulin pumps is crucial until islet transplantation becomes viable.

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    Published on: January 7, 2018

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    Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Diseases
    • Reproductive Health

    Background:

    • Diabetes mellitus presents as type I (insulin-dependent) and type II (non-insulin-dependent).
    • Insulin resistance in type II diabetes may stem from impaired receptor binding.
    • Historically, maternal diabetes posed significant risks for both mother and infant.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review advancements in diabetes management.
    • To highlight improvements in maternal and fetal outcomes.
    • To discuss strategies for achieving better long-term control of insulin-dependent diabetes.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of diabetes classification and management strategies.
    • Analysis of trends in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality related to diabetes.
    • Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic approaches for diabetes control.

    Main Results:

    • Significant reductions in maternal and fetal mortality have been achieved through better diabetes management in pregnancy over the last decade.
    • Long-term outcomes for insulin-dependent diabetes remain challenging due to difficulties in achieving adequate disease control.
    • Recent efforts focus on stringent control measures, including frequent home blood glucose monitoring and insulin pump use.

    Conclusions:

    • Enhanced management strategies have dramatically improved outcomes for pregnant women with diabetes.
    • Achieving optimal long-term control for insulin-dependent diabetes requires continued stringent monitoring and advanced therapeutic interventions.
    • Islet transplantation is a potential future solution for achieving definitive control of diabetes.