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Toxic shock syndrome in Canada
Canadian Medical Association Journal
|April 1, 1982
Summary
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) cases in Canada, often linked to tampon use, have been reported since 1976. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin is the likely cause, prompting manufacturers to issue warnings and recommendations for tampon absorbency selection.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health Epidemiology
Background:
- Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a serious condition.
- Since 1976, 53 cases have been reported in Canada, with a notable increase in 1980-1981.
- While associated with tampon use, TSS can affect males and non-menstruating women.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on the incidence and characteristics of toxic shock syndrome in Canada.
- To highlight the association between tampon use and TSS.
- To inform the public and healthcare providers about TSS risks.
Main Methods:
- Case reporting and surveillance of TSS in Canada.
- Review of reported cases, including demographics and potential risk factors.
- Analysis of trends in case occurrence.
Main Results:
- 53 confirmed or suspected TSS cases reported in Canada between 1976 and October 1981.
- A significant number of cases occurred in 1980 (22) and early 1981 (21).
- Three deaths were reported among the 53 patients.
Conclusions:
- Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin is the probable causative agent of TSS.
- Tampon use is a significant risk factor, though not the sole cause.
- Manufacturers have implemented warning labels and instructions regarding tampon use and TSS prevention.