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Intellectual functioning in renal failure and chronic dialysis

J W Osberg, G J Meares, D C McKee

    Journal of Chronic Diseases
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis often show intellectual deficits, particularly in performance IQ. Dialysis treatment can improve memory and attention, but more research is needed.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Neuropsychology
    • Uremia Research

    Background:

    • Intellectual functioning is often impaired in patients with renal failure and uremia.
    • Neuropsychological deficits, including in general intelligence, memory, and attention, are common.
    • Previous studies show lowered performance IQ compared to verbal IQ in pre-dialysis patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To critically review the existing research literature on intellectual functioning in patients with renal failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
    • To identify trends in neuropsychological assessment and outcomes in this patient population.
    • To highlight areas for future research in uremic encephalopathy and dialysis treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of research literature on intellectual functioning in uremia and hemodialysis.
    • Analysis of studies assessing general intelligence, memory, and attentional processes.
    • Evaluation of findings related to pre-dialysis and post-dialysis cognitive performance.

    Main Results:

    • Consistent findings of lowered performance IQ versus verbal IQ in pre-dialysis patients, suggesting cortical dysfunction.
    • Evidence of significant short-term memory improvement following maintenance dialysis initiation and individual treatment sessions.
    • Apparent improvement in attentional functions post-dialysis, though limited by small sample sizes.

    Conclusions:

    • Renal failure and uremia are associated with intellectual deficits, particularly impacting performance-based cognitive tasks.
    • Hemodialysis shows potential for improving specific cognitive functions like memory and attention.
    • Further research is recommended to correlate physiological data with neuropsychological findings and conduct longitudinal studies.

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