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Sympathetic activity in thyroid-treated Zucker rats

B E Levin, J Triscari, A C Sullivan

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |July 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Thyroid powder (TP) treatment reduced weight gain and improved thermogenesis in obese Zucker rats by enhancing sympathetic activity and fatty acid utilization. Lean rats showed no significant changes, indicating a selective effect on obesity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Research
    • Animal Models of Obesity

    Background:

    • Obese Zucker rats exhibit impaired thermogenesis and altered sympathetic nervous system activity compared to lean counterparts.
    • Defective glucose and lipid metabolism, including hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, are characteristic of obese Zucker rats.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of thyroid powder (TP) administration on weight gain, carcass lipid content, and thermogenesis in lean and obese Zucker rats.
    • To explore the impact of TP on sympathetic nervous system activity, specifically norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine levels, in obese rats.
    • To assess the influence of TP on glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the context of obesity.

    Main Methods:

    • Administration of 0.03% thyroid powder (TP) to lean and obese male Zucker rats for up to 41 days.
    • Monitoring of weight gain, food intake, and carcass lipid content.
    • Assessment of thermogenesis through basal rectal temperatures and cold tolerance tests.
    • Measurement of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels under basal and stress conditions.
    • Analysis of NE and NE turnover in various organs, including heart, aorta, pancreas, and adipose tissues.
    • Evaluation of in vivo fatty acid utilization and glucose/insulin/glycerol levels.

    Main Results:

    • TP treatment significantly decreased weight gain and carcass lipid content in obese rats, without affecting food intake or lean rats.
    • Obese rats treated with TP exhibited improved thermogenesis, evidenced by increased basal rectal temperatures and enhanced cold tolerance.
    • TP administration partially or totally corrected basal hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycerolemia in obese rats, alongside improving defective in vivo fatty acid utilization.
    • Increased NE levels and turnover in the hearts and aortas of TP-treated obese rats suggested enhanced sympathetic activity in these organs, while basal NE levels in other tissues remained altered.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid powder (TP) demonstrates a selective beneficial effect on obese Zucker rats, leading to reduced weight gain and improved metabolic parameters.
    • The observed effects of TP in obese rats are partly attributed to increased sympathetic function in specific organs and enhanced fatty acid utilization.
    • TP treatment offers a potential therapeutic avenue for managing obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions by modulating thermogenesis and sympathetic activity.

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