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Pediatric endocarditis

C M Johnson, K H Rhodes

    Mayo Clinic Proceedings
    |February 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pediatric infective endocarditis is rare but serious in children with congenital heart disease. Staphylococcus aureus infections and young age significantly increase mortality risk, necessitating prompt investigation and treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Cardiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Cardiovascular Surgery

    Background:

    • Infective endocarditis (IE) is uncommon in the general pediatric population.
    • Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) face a significant lifelong risk of IE.
    • Advances in CHD management increase long-term survival, potentially raising the number of children at risk for IE.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric infective endocarditis.
    • To identify risk factors and common pathogens associated with IE in children.
    • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive management in high-risk pediatric populations.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 50 pediatric endocarditis cases diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1979.

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  • Analysis of patient demographics, underlying cardiac conditions, causative organisms, and treatment outcomes.
  • Correlation of mortality with age, cardiac status, and specific pathogens.

    • Main Results:

    • 37 out of 50 patients had underlying congenital heart disease.
    • Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (19 cases), followed by viridans streptococci (14 cases).
    • Mortality was higher in children younger than 10 years and in those with S. aureus infections (19 deaths overall).

    Conclusions:

    • Unexplained fever in children with CHD warrants thorough investigation for endocarditis.
    • Early empiric antibiotic therapy is crucial upon suspicion of endocarditis.
    • Aggressive treatment of localized bacterial infections in at-risk children is vital to prevent cardiac complications.