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Hydroxychloroquine. Seven-year experience

D R Tobin, G Krohel, R I Rynes

    Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is generally safe for treating connective tissue diseases, with routine eye exams effectively preventing serious retinal toxicity. Most patients tolerated the medication well, showing no permanent vision loss.

    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is a common treatment for various connective tissue diseases.
    • Long-term safety, particularly ocular toxicity, is a significant consideration for patients on this medication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the long-term safety and ocular toxicity of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in patients with connective tissue diseases.
    • To determine the effectiveness of regular ophthalmic examinations in preventing adverse visual effects.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective review of 99 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine sulfate for connective tissue diseases over seven years.
    • Patients received a daily dosage of 400 mg, with regular funduscopic and visual field examinations at six-month intervals.

    Main Results:

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    • Four out of 99 patients experienced toxic effects, but none resulted in permanent visual acuity loss.
    • Toxicity did not appear to be related to cumulative dosage.
    • Regular ophthalmic monitoring successfully detected adverse reactions and prevented severe retinal toxicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Maintaining a maximum daily dosage of 400 mg hydroxychloroquine sulfate is crucial for patient safety.
    • Six-month interval funduscopic and visual field examinations are sufficient to monitor for and prevent serious retinal toxic effects.
    • Hydroxychloroquine sulfate can be used safely for extended periods in connective tissue disease patients with appropriate ophthalmic surveillance.