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The need for affiliation is a fundamental human motive that drives individuals to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. This universal drive varies in intensity among individuals due to genetic predispositions and life experiences, shaping it into a relatively stable personality trait. Social inclusion enhances emotional well-being by fulfilling the need for affiliation, whereas social exclusion leads to distress, negative emotions, and cognitive impairments.Psychological and Emotional...
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Loneliness as a function of selected personality variables

M Hojat

    Journal of Clinical Psychology
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Certain personality traits and psychological states like depression and anxiety predict loneliness. Conversely, self-esteem and extraversion were found to negatively predict loneliness scores in Iranian college students.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Social Psychology
    • Personality Psychology

    Background:

    • Loneliness is a significant concern among college students, influenced by various psychological factors.
    • Understanding the predictors of loneliness is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the predictive relationship between specific personality variables and loneliness.
    • To examine the roles of depression, anxiety, neuroticism, psychoticism, misanthropy, external locus of control, self-esteem, and extraversion in predicting loneliness.

    Main Methods:

    • Multivariate statistical modeling, including multiple regression analysis, was employed.
    • Two independent groups of Iranian college students (studying domestically and abroad) were analyzed.
    • Factor analysis was conducted to address multicollinearity and identify underlying factors.

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    Main Results:

    • The study confirmed that selected personality variables, depression, anxiety, and external locus of control positively predicted loneliness.
    • Self-esteem and extraversion negatively predicted loneliness scores, supporting the initial hypothesis.
    • Some variables did not significantly contribute to the regression equations, and factor analysis revealed loneliness loaded heavily on a 'negative attribute of personality' factor.

    Conclusions:

    • Personality traits and psychological states significantly influence feelings of loneliness in college students.
    • The findings underscore the complex interplay between personality, psychological well-being, and social connection.
    • Interventions aimed at reducing loneliness may benefit from addressing negative personality attributes and enhancing positive ones like self-esteem and extraversion.