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Mortality in women treated for hyperthyroidism

D A Hoffman, W M McConahey, E L Diamond

    American Journal of Epidemiology
    |February 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Radioiodine (131I) treatment for hyperthyroidism showed no increased risk of death from any cause or cancer. This study of women treated between 1946-1964 found no late adverse health effects from 131I exposure.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Nuclear Medicine
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Radioiodine (131I) is a common treatment for hyperthyroidism.
    • Concerns exist regarding potential long-term health risks, including cancer, following 131I exposure.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the late effects of radioiodine (131I) exposure on mortality in women treated for hyperthyroidism.
    • To assess the association between 131I treatment and overall mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular-renal or cerebrovascular diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective cohort study comparing 1005 women treated with 131I to 2141 women treated surgically for hyperthyroidism.
    • Data collected from Mayo Clinic between 1946 and 1964.
    • Cause of death was determined for all participants.

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    Main Results:

    • No increased risk of total mortality was observed in the 131I-treated group (relative risk = 1.0).
    • No elevated risks for major causes of mortality, including cancer, cardiovascular-renal disease, or cerebrovascular lesions, were found.
    • Specific site-cancer mortality risks were also not increased in the 131I-treated cohort.

    Conclusions:

    • Radioiodine (131I) therapy for hyperthyroidism in this cohort did not lead to increased overall or cancer-specific mortality.
    • The findings suggest that 131I is a safe treatment for hyperthyroidism with no discernible late adverse effects on mortality.
    • Further research may explore hypotheses explaining the lack of observed association between 131I exposure and cancer mortality.