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Related Concept Videos

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

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Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Trace element abnormalities in chronic uremia

W R Smythe, A C Alfrey, P W Craswell

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |March 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Uremia significantly alters trace element levels in human tissues, with notable increases in calcium, strontium, molybdenum, cadmium, and tin, and decreases in potassium and rubidium. Dialysis has minimal impact on these elemental changes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Toxicology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Uremia, a complex syndrome associated with kidney failure, can lead to systemic alterations.
    • Understanding trace element dysregulation in uremia is crucial for patient management and understanding disease progression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of uremia on the elemental composition of various human autopsy tissues.
    • To characterize specific trace element changes and assess the influence of dialysis on these alterations.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of autopsy tissue samples (aorta, bone, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen) from uremic patients (dialysis and non-dialysis) and control subjects.
    • Utilized x-ray fluorescence (XRF) to quantify levels of 13 elements, including potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, bromine, rubidium, strontium, molybdenum, cadmium, tin, and uranium.

    Main Results:

    • Statistically significant increases in calcium, strontium, molybdenum, cadmium, and tin were observed in uremic tissues.
    • Significant decreases in potassium and rubidium were detected.
    • Alterations in the distribution of iron, copper, and zinc were also identified.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed elemental abnormalities are predominantly caused by uremia itself.
    • The dialysis procedure generally has a limited effect in moderating or exacerbating these uremia-induced elemental changes.