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Aeromedical transport: its hidden problems

C J Parsons, W P Bobechko

    Canadian Medical Association Journal
    |February 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Air transport poses risks due to reduced air pressure at altitude, potentially causing gas expansion in patients. Certain medical conditions and recent activities necessitate special precautions or contraindicate air travel.

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    Area of Science:

    • Aerospace Medicine
    • Physiology
    • Patient Safety

    Background:

    • Air transport enables rapid, long-distance patient movement.
    • Altitude changes significantly alter ambient air pressure and oxygen tension.
    • Commercial aircraft cabins are not pressurized to sea-level, simulating altitudes up to 8000 ft.

    Observation:

    • Diminished ambient air pressure can cause rapid gas expansion in body tissues and closed spaces.
    • Reduced oxygen tension during flight affects patients with compromised respiratory or cardiac function.

    Findings:

    • Air transport is contraindicated for patients with untreated pneumothorax, gas gangrene, intracranial air, or recent abdominal surgery.
    • Anemia, respiratory/cardiac distress, casts, and recent scuba diving require special flight considerations, including low-altitude planning.

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    Implications:

    • Careful patient selection and pre-flight assessment are crucial for safe air medical transport.
    • Understanding barometric pressure effects is vital for managing patients during air travel.
    • Adherence to contraindications and special considerations minimizes risks associated with air transport for vulnerable patients.