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Antigen aerosols induce lung nonresponsiveness

G C Blanchard, S K Pathak, L D Berman

    Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pretreatment with ragweed pollen aerosols induces nonresponsiveness to ragweed extract aerosol challenge in guinea pigs. This nonresponsiveness may involve altered lung mast cell reactivity, not mediator changes.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Allergy Research

    Background:

    • Intranasal ragweed pollen (RW) sensitization leads to anaphylaxis upon ragweed extract aerosol (RWEA) challenge.
    • Pretreatment with RWEA induces nonresponsiveness to subsequent RWEA challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the immunological mechanism underlying antigen-induced nonresponsiveness.
    • To investigate if this nonresponsiveness is specific to ragweed pollen or applicable to other antigens.

    Main Methods:

    • Guinea pigs were pretreated intranasally with RW pollen or RWEA.
    • Anaphylaxis was induced via RWEA challenge.
    • Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and histamine levels were assessed.
    • Studies were replicated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as an alternative antigen.

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    Main Results:

    • Nonresponder serum contained blocking antibodies but could still sensitize normal recipients.
    • Nonresponsiveness was not due to oral antigen intake.
    • Sensitive lungs had higher histamine levels than nonresponder lungs.
    • Both normal and nonresponder guinea pigs reacted similarly to compound 48/80 aerosol.

    Conclusions:

    • Antigen aerosol pretreatment induces a state of nonresponsiveness in guinea pigs.
    • The mechanism appears to involve modified antigen reactivity of lung mast cells.
    • This contrasts with changes in anaphylaxis mediators.