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Age does not alter acetaminophen absorption

M Divoll, B Ameer, D R Abernethy

    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
    |April 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study compared acetaminophen (AAP) absorption across intravenous, tablet, and elixir forms in healthy adults. Age did not significantly affect AAP absorption rates, suggesting gastric emptying remains consistent across age groups.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacokinetics
    • Drug Absorption
    • Geriatric Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Acetaminophen (AAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic.
    • Understanding its absorption kinetics is crucial for effective dosing.
    • Age-related changes in physiology can potentially alter drug absorption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of acetaminophen (AAP) following intravenous, oral tablet, and oral elixir administration.
    • To investigate the influence of age on the absorption of AAP from different oral dosage forms.
    • To assess the rate-limiting steps in drug absorption, specifically gastric emptying, in relation to age.

    Main Methods:

    • Twenty-eight healthy volunteers (22-78 years) received 650 mg of acetaminophen via three routes: intravenous infusion, oral tablets, and oral elixir.

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  • Plasma acetaminophen concentrations were measured up to 12 hours post-dose.
  • Key pharmacokinetic parameters including peak plasma concentration, time to peak, absorption half-life, and absolute systemic availability were calculated.

    • Main Results:

    • Absolute bioavailability for both oral acetaminophen tablet and elixir forms was less than 100% in all participants.
    • Elderly subjects exhibited a trend towards lower oral bioavailability, though this was not statistically significant (P < .50).
    • Age did not significantly impact peak plasma concentrations, time to peak, or absorption half-life for either oral formulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Oral acetaminophen absorption, whether as tablets or elixir, is not significantly altered by age in healthy adults.
    • Age does not appear to influence the rate-limiting step of gastric emptying for acetaminophen absorption.
    • Intravenous administration provides complete systemic availability, while oral routes show incomplete absorption regardless of age.