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Taste thresholds: quality specific variation with human aging

J M Weiffenbach, B J Baum, R Burghauser

    Journal of Gerontology
    |May 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Taste perception changes with age. Salt and quinine taste detection thresholds increase in older adults, while sweet and sour tastes do not significantly change, indicating varied age-related taste alterations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sensory science
    • Gerontology
    • Human physiology

    Background:

    • Aging is associated with physiological changes that can affect sensory perception.
    • Previous research on taste changes with age has yielded inconsistent results, potentially due to methodological differences in controlling for response bias and physiological factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine age-related changes in detection thresholds for the four basic tastes: sodium chloride (salty), quinine sulfate (bitter), sucrose (sweet), and citric acid (sour).
    • To investigate potential sex differences in taste perception across different age groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Detection thresholds for sodium chloride, quinine sulfate, sucrose, and citric acid were measured in 81 adults aged 23–88 years.
    • Statistical analyses were employed to assess the relationship between age, sex, and taste detection thresholds, controlling for confounding variables.

    Main Results:

    • A small but significant increase in salt (sodium chloride) detection thresholds was observed with advancing age.
    • Quinine sulfate (bitter) detection thresholds showed a similar, though weaker, positive correlation with age.
    • Detection thresholds for sucrose (sweet) and citric acid (sour) did not significantly change with age; however, citric acid thresholds exhibited a significant sex effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Taste perception, specifically the detection of salt and bitterness, is altered by the aging process.
    • The impact of aging on taste detection varies across different taste qualities, with sweet and sour tastes remaining relatively stable.
    • Sex influences the perception of sour taste, independent of age.

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