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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
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Toe transfers for congenital hand defects

A Gilbert

    The Journal of Hand Surgery
    |March 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Microvascular toe transfers effectively reconstruct congenital hand defects, offering good cosmetic and functional outcomes. Optimal results depend on patient selection and the metacarpal remnant

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    Area of Science:

    • Plastic Surgery
    • Microsurgery
    • Congenital Hand Anomalies

    Background:

    • Congenital hand defects present significant reconstructive challenges.
    • Second toe transfers using microvascular anastomoses offer a potential solution for thumb and hand reconstruction.

    Observation:

    • A study reviewed 21 second toe transfers in 17 patients with congenital hand defects between 1977 and 1980.
    • No vascular failures were reported.
    • Functional and cosmetic outcomes were assessed, considering factors like metacarpal remnant characteristics and patient diagnosis (aplasia vs. amniotic band syndrome).

    Findings:

    • Four thumbs were reconstructed with excellent functional and cosmetic results.
    • Transplanted toes showed continuous growth, comparable to the remaining toes.

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  • Active motion of the transplanted toe was limited, with functional success correlating to the metacarpal remnant's mobility and musculature.
  • Distinguishing between aplasia and amniotic band syndrome is crucial, with better outcomes in the latter.
  • Implications:

    • Careful patient selection and surgical indication appraisal are essential for successful toe transfers.
    • The ideal age for surgical intervention is approximately 18 months for optimal integration.
    • Second toe transfer is a viable option for reconstructing congenital hand and thumb anomalies, yielding favorable cosmetic and functional results when indications are carefully considered.