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IgM in primary biliary cirrhosis. Physicochemical and complement activating properties

S Lindgren, S Eriksson

    The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
    |May 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    In primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), immunoglobulin M (IgM) exhibits unique properties, acting like an immune complex by activating complement despite normal molecular characteristics. This finding offers new insights into PBC pathogenesis.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry
    • Hepatology

    Background:

    • Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterized by cholestasis, mitochondrial antibodies, complement activation, and elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels.
    • The physicochemical and immunological properties of IgM in PBC remain incompletely understood.
    • Elevated IgM in PBC may play a role in disease pathogenesis beyond simple hyper-IgM-emia.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the physicochemical and immunological properties of IgM from patients with PBC.
    • To compare PBC-derived IgM with IgM from patients with idiopathic hyper-IgM-emia and healthy controls.
    • To investigate the potential of PBC-IgM to activate complement.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied IgM from 15 PBC patients, 10 with idiopathic hyper-IgM-emia, and 10 healthy controls.

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  • Employed agarose electrophoresis, immunofixation, gel filtration, and ultracentrifugation.
  • Assessed cryoprecipitability, precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG), conglutinin binding, and complement C3 conversion activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Physicochemical analyses (electrophoresis, filtration, ultracentrifugation) revealed no abnormal IgM populations (e.g., aggregates, 7S IgM) in PBC patients.
    • PBC-derived IgM demonstrated increased cryoprecipitability, PEG precipitation, and conglutinin binding compared to controls.
    • Purified PBC-IgM efficiently converted complement factor C3 via the classical pathway, unlike IgM from control groups.

    Conclusions:

    • IgM in PBC exhibits unique functional properties, behaving like an immune complex in its ability to activate complement.
    • Despite normal molecular size and electrophoretic properties, PBC-IgM possesses distinct immunological characteristics.
    • Further research is needed to identify potential antigens bound to IgM in vivo in PBC.