Problems of research into medical problem solving: some remarks on theory and method

Area of Science:

• Cognitive Science
• Medical Education
• Healthcare Research

Background:

• The term "problem solving" is inconsistently applied in medical and general contexts.
• Ambiguity exists regarding whether 'problem' is subjective (difficulty) or objective (task).
• The relationship between knowledge and problem-solving is debated: independent or interconnected?

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the varied interpretations of "problem solving" in medical research.
• To underscore the influence of definitional clarity on research design selection.
• To advocate for explicit clarification of research objectives and definitions.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual analysis of "problem solving" terminology.
• Review of existing literature on medical problem solving.
• Examination of research design determinants.

Main Results:

• "Problem solving" encompasses diverse meanings, including physician-patient issues and diagnostic challenges.
• Definitions of 'problem' range from subjective experience to objective tasks.
• Research objectives (medical education, practice, cognitive theory) significantly shape research design.

Conclusions:

• Inconsistent definitions of "problem solving" necessitate careful consideration in research.
• Investigators must clarify their own definitions and objectives before choosing or adopting research designs.
• Clear definitions and aligned objectives are crucial for robust medical problem-solving research.