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Pituitary function after pituitary apoplexy

R Pelkonen, A Kuusisto, J Salmi

    The American Journal of Medicine
    |November 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pituitary apoplexy can lead to varied pituitary function deficits, including hormone deficiencies and excesses, even after spontaneous recovery. Long-term monitoring is crucial for managing these endocrine complications.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Pituitary Disorders

    Background:

    • Pituitary apoplexy is a rare but serious condition involving sudden hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland.
    • Recovery from pituitary apoplexy can be spontaneous, but the long-term effects on pituitary function are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate pituitary function in patients who have recovered from pituitary apoplexy.
    • To characterize the spectrum of anterior pituitary hypofunction and hormone oversecretion following pituitary apoplexy.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective study of nine patients with a history of pituitary apoplexy.
    • Assessment of pituitary hormone levels (growth hormone, ACTH) and clinical evaluation.
    • Follow-up evaluations and, in some cases, surgical intervention (hypophysectomy).

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    Main Results:

    • All nine patients recovered spontaneously without immediate surgery.
    • Observed pituitary hormone deficiencies and excesses, including low growth hormone in acromegaly patients and ACTH-related disorders in Cushing's syndrome patients.
    • Transient or persistent anterior pituitary hypofunction occurred in all patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Pituitary apoplexy can result in diverse and persistent pituitary dysfunctions.
    • Spontaneous recovery does not preclude long-term endocrine sequelae, necessitating ongoing patient surveillance.
    • Surgical findings in some cases revealed hemorrhage or cysts, indicating varied underlying pathologies.