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Pancreatic endocrine tumors

P U Heitz, M Kasper, J M Polak

    Human Pathology
    |March 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pancreatic endocrine tumors often secrete multiple hormones, with immunocytochemistry revealing diverse cell types. These complex tumors likely originate from pancreatic ductular epithelium, offering insights into hormone interactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) are neoplasms arising from islet cells.
    • Understanding their cellular composition and origin is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the cellular composition and origin of pancreatic endocrine tumors.
    • To investigate the presence of multiple hormone secretions within individual tumors.

    Main Methods:

    • Immunocytochemistry using various antisera on 125 pancreatic endocrine tumors.
    • Electron microscopy to identify cell types.
    • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) on tumor extracts.
    • Histological examination of tumor growth patterns and cell distribution.

    Main Results:

    • Malignancy rates varied by tumor type: glucagonomas (8/13), gastrinomas (16/24), and VIP-omas (16/21) were frequently malignant, while insulinomas (23/27), PP-omas (10/10), and "nonsecreting" tumors (15/30) were often benign.
    • Immunocytochemistry localized the primary hormone causing symptoms.
    • Fifty percent of active tumors and a majority of "nonsecreting" tumors contained cells immunoreactive to additional peptides.
    • Electron microscopy confirmed multicellularity in 12 tumors.
    • Tumor growth patterns were variable with patchy immunoreactive cell distribution.

    Conclusions:

    • Pancreatic endocrine tumors are often multicellular, producing multiple hormones or hormone-like substances.
    • PETs likely originate from pancreatic ductular epithelium.
    • These tumors serve as complex models for studying gastrointestinal-pancreatic hormone interrelationships.

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