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Surface contraction waves in amphibian eggs

M Yoneda, Y Kobayakawa, H Y Kubota

    Journal of Cell Science
    |April 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Surface contraction waves (SCW-1 and SCW-2) occur during amphibian egg cleavage. SCW-2 involves surface contraction and increased cortical stiffness, while SCW-1 is a surface relaxation wave.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental biology
    • Cellular mechanics
    • Amphibian embryogenesis

    Background:

    • Amphibian egg cleavage involves dynamic changes on the egg surface.
    • Circular waves, termed surface contraction waves (SCW-1 and SCW-2), propagate during these cycles.
    • The mechanical properties of the egg cortex during these waves are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanical nature of SCW-1 and SCW-2 during amphibian egg cleavage.
    • To determine if SCW-2 represents a genuine cortical contraction wave.
    • To characterize the changes in cortical stiffness associated with these surface waves.

    Main Methods:

    • Observation of surface wave propagation using carbon particle tracking.
    • Measurement of cortical stiffness using micropipette aspiration.
    • Simultaneous measurement of stiffness at two loci to confirm spatio-temporal correlation.

    Main Results:

    • SCW-1 was associated with egg surface expansion.
    • SCW-2 was accompanied by surface contraction.
    • Cortical stiffness significantly increased with the passage of SCW-2.
    • Cortical stiffness remained unchanged or slightly decreased during SCW-1.

    Conclusions:

    • SCW-2 is confirmed as a genuine wave of cortical contraction.
    • SCW-1 is better described as a surface relaxation wave, not a contraction wave.
    • These findings elucidate the distinct mechanical behaviors of surface waves during early embryonic development.

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