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Choline administration elevates brain phosphorylcholine concentrations

W R Millington, R J Wurtman

    Journal of Neurochemistry
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Brain phosphorylcholine levels increase with circulating choline availability. The brain preferentially retains choline as phosphorylcholine, suggesting choline kinase activity modulates brain choline homeostasis.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biochemistry
    • Neurochemistry

    Background:

    • Choline is an essential nutrient vital for neurotransmitter synthesis and cell membrane integrity.
    • Brain choline levels are influenced by circulating choline availability, but the precise mechanisms of regulation are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the dynamic changes in brain phosphorylcholine and choline concentrations following exogenous choline administration in rats.
    • To determine the impact of choline availability on striatal acetylcholine synthesis.
    • To explore the role of choline kinase in regulating brain choline homeostasis.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were administered oral choline chloride, and brain tissue (whole brain and striatum) was analyzed for choline and phosphorylcholine concentrations at various time points.

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  • Serum choline levels were measured.
  • Striatal acetylcholine concentrations were assessed.
  • Rats were fed a choline-free diet to evaluate the effects of choline depletion.

    • Main Results:

    • Oral choline administration significantly increased whole-brain and striatal concentrations of both choline and phosphorylcholine.
    • The brain retained a greater proportion of exogenous choline as phosphorylcholine compared to free choline.
    • Striatal phosphorylcholine levels remained elevated for up to 34 hours post-administration.
    • Striatal acetylcholine concentrations increased following choline administration, correlating with elevated free choline levels.
    • A choline-free diet reduced serum and striatal phosphorylcholine but did not affect striatal choline or acetylcholine.

    Conclusions:

    • Choline kinase appears to be unsaturated in vivo, enabling it to modulate brain phosphorylcholine levels in response to varying choline supply.
    • Phosphorylation is a key mechanism for retaining exogenous choline within the brain.
    • These findings elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of brain choline homeostasis and its impact on neurotransmitter synthesis.