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Reaction time and psychophysiological activity

E A Sersen, J Clausen, A Lidsky

    Perceptual and Motor Skills
    |April 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study on reaction times (RT) found complex links between physiological measures and performance. Faster RTs were associated with specific patterns of heart period, skin conductance, and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, challenging simple activation theories.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Psychophysiology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Understanding the psychophysiological correlates of cognitive performance is crucial.
    • Activation theory posits a direct relationship between arousal and performance efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the complex relationships between physiological measures (heart period, skin conductance, EEG) and disjunctive reaction times (RT).
    • To examine how these relationships vary across different session levels and relate to activation theory.

    Main Methods:

    • 10 subjects completed disjunctive reaction time tasks across 4 sessions.
    • Physiological data including heart period, skin conductance, and EEG were recorded.
    • Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between RT and physiological variables.

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    Main Results:

    • Complex, non-linear relationships were found between RT and both skin conductance and heart period, varying with session level.
    • Fastest RTs correlated with specific heart period patterns and altered EEG power and frequency.
    • The observed physiological patterns partially contradicted predictions from activation theory.

    Conclusions:

    • Physiological activation may fluctuate to maintain consistent motor performance rather than directly correlating with RT.
    • Optimal reaction times may be linked to a balance of relaxation, arousal, and attentiveness, potentially to counteract boredom or distraction.