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M-mode echocardiography in the developing human fetus

L D Allan, M C Joseph, E G Boyd

    British Heart Journal
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    M-mode echocardiography provides valuable fetal heart measurements from 16 weeks gestation. Concurrent 2D imaging ensures accurate interpretation of fetal cardiac structures and motion, aiding in normal pregnancy monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Fetal Medicine
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • M-mode echocardiography is feasible in human fetuses from 16 weeks gestation.
    • Accurate interpretation requires concurrent two-dimensional (2D) imaging to avoid errors.
    • It allows study of valve and ventricular wall motion, including the fetal foramen ovale flap.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish reference growth charts for fetal cardiac dimensions.
    • To define confidence limits for key echocardiographic measurements in normal pregnancies.
    • To provide normative data for fetal cardiac assessment between 16 and 39 weeks gestation.

    Main Methods:

    • M-mode echocardiograms were obtained in structurally normal fetuses.
    • Six specific variables were measured: septal and left ventricular wall thickness, right and left ventricular internal dimensions (diastole), aortic root dimension, and left atrial dimension.
    • Growth charts and confidence limits were constructed for each variable based on gestational age.

    Main Results:

    • Measurement data for six cardiac variables were collected and growth charts constructed.
    • Confidence limits were derived for gestational ages ranging from 16 to 39 weeks.
    • The study established normative data for fetal cardiac dimensions during development.

    Conclusions:

    • M-mode echocardiography, when combined with 2D imaging, is a reliable method for assessing fetal cardiac development.
    • The derived growth charts and confidence limits aid in the accurate interpretation of fetal echocardiograms.
    • This provides essential data for monitoring normal fetal cardiac growth and identifying potential abnormalities.

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