Dielectric properties of mammalian tissues from 0.1 to 100 MHz: a summary of recent data

Dielectric permittivity and conductivity measurements are reported from various soft excised mammalian non-tumour tissues, at frequencies between 0.1 and 100 MHz, and at room and body temperatures. The data over this wide frequency range can be well represented by a Cole-Cole equation for either the complex conductivity or complex permittivity. A summary of fitted parameters for the tissue data is presented, which can be used to reconstruct the original data values. The data are compared to older data that are still frequently quoted. Finally, the contribution of cells and organelles to the dielectric permittivity of one tissue is estimated, to help elucidate the mechanisms that are responsible for the observed dielectric data.