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Related Experiment Videos

Hatching of amphibian embryos: the physiological trigger

J W Petranka, J J Just, E C Crawford

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 16, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Marbled salamander embryos hatch in low oxygen conditions, but not in normal air. Hypoxia promotes hatching in various environments, while carbon dioxide speeds up hatching by changing water acidity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Amphibian biology
    • Developmental biology
    • Environmental physiology

    Background:

    • Embryonic development in amphibians is influenced by environmental factors.
    • Oxygen availability is a critical parameter for aquatic and semi-aquatic species.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of environmental oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures on marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum) embryonic hatching.
    • To determine the thresholds for hatching success under varying oxygen levels.

    Main Methods:

    • Marbled salamander embryos were exposed to different environmental oxygen pressures (below and at air levels).
    • Hatching success was observed in both aqueous and nonaqueous media under hypoxic conditions.
    • The impact of elevated carbon dioxide pressure on hatching time and success was assessed.

    Main Results:

    • Embryos hatched successfully at oxygen pressures of 86 torr or less, but not at air-equivalent pressures.
    • Hatching success was consistent in both aquatic and non-aquatic environments under hypoxia.
    • Increased carbon dioxide pressure did not trigger hatching but significantly reduced hatching time by altering pH.

    Conclusions:

    • Oxygen availability is a key environmental cue regulating marbled salamander hatching.
    • Hypoxic conditions facilitate hatching, enabling successful emergence in diverse microhabitats.
    • Carbon dioxide influences hatching phenology through pH modification, rather than acting as a direct hatching trigger.

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