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Complement in CPD-stored blood

J A Schifferli, H Boralessa, H L Howarth

    Vox Sanguinis
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Whole blood stored for 3 weeks showed no change in complement activity but decreased capacity to dissolve immune precipitates. Complement C3 breakdown products increased significantly, indicating complement system alterations.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • The complement system is crucial for immune responses.
    • Understanding complement stability in stored blood is vital for transfusion medicine.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the stability of complement functions in whole blood stored under refrigeration.
    • To investigate changes in C3 and immunoglobulin aggregation in stored blood.

    Main Methods:

    • Whole blood from 10 donors was stored in citrate phosphate dextrose at 4°C for up to 3 weeks.
    • Assessed total hemolytic complement (CH50) and alternative pathway activity.
    • Measured complement-mediated capacity to solubilize immune precipitates.
    • Analyzed C3 conversion and breakdown products using immunoelectrophoresis.
    • Detected immunoglobulin aggregation with immune complex assays.

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    Main Results:

    • No significant changes in CH50 or alternative pathway activity were observed.
    • A significant decrease in the capacity to solubilize immune precipitates was noted at 2 and 3 weeks.
    • While C3 conversion was not detected by immunoelectrophoresis, C3 breakdown products significantly increased within 1 week and remained elevated.
    • No immunoglobulin aggregation was detected.

    Conclusions:

    • Refrigerated storage of whole blood up to 3 weeks preserves basic complement hemolytic activity but impairs its immune precipitate-solubilizing function.
    • Complement C3 undergoes degradation during storage, evidenced by increased breakdown products.
    • These findings suggest potential implications for the efficacy of complement-dependent immune functions in transfused blood components.