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Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C: further characterization

P M Schlievert, J A Kelly

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Staphylococcus aureus produces pyrogenic exotoxin C, a key factor in toxic shock syndrome. This toxin exhibits pyrogenicity and immune-modulating effects, distinguishing it from other strains.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (TSS toxin-1) is associated with toxic shock syndrome.
    • Understanding the prevalence and properties of this toxin is crucial for diagnosing and managing TSS.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To purify and characterize Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C.
    • To determine the prevalence of pyrogenic exotoxin C in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from toxic shock syndrome patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Purification using differential precipitation and thin-layer isoelectric focusing.
    • Characterization by SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion.
    • Testing Staphylococcus aureus isolates for pyrogenic exotoxin C production.

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    Main Results:

    • Pyrogenic exotoxin C was purified to homogeneity with a molecular weight of 22,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 7.2.
    • All tested Staphylococcus aureus isolates (44/44) from toxic shock syndrome patients produced pyrogenic exotoxin C.
    • Pyrogenic exotoxin C was detected in significantly fewer non-toxic shock syndrome isolates (26%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates (1/22).
    • Biological activities include pyrogenicity, enhanced susceptibility to endotoxin shock, and T-lymphocyte mitogenicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C is a significant virulence factor in toxic shock syndrome.
    • The presence of pyrogenic exotoxin C is highly correlated with toxic shock syndrome.
    • This toxin possesses multiple immune-modulating properties.