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Closed loop problems in biomechanics. Part I--a classification system

C L Vaughan, J G Hay, J G Andrews

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    |January 1, 1982
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed a new classification for closed-loop biomechanics problems to address indeterminate joint kinetics. This system helps determine the minimum force sensors needed for accurate calculations in whole-body movements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Human Movement Analysis
    • Kinetics

    Background:

    • Inverse dynamics is standard for calculating joint forces and torques.
    • This method assumes sufficient equations for unique kinetic determination.
    • Closed-loop problems present indeterminacy due to insufficient equations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Classify closed-loop problems in whole-body human movement.
    • Identify the minimum number of force sensors for unique joint kinetics.
    • Improve understanding of joint force and torque calculations.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a classification system for closed-loop problems.
    • Based classification on subject's interaction with environment and self.
    • Considered extremity contact with external systems and internal closed loops.
    • Grouped problems into five cases based on equation determinacy.

    Main Results:

    • Presented a general classification system for closed-loop biomechanics problems.
    • Defined criteria for classifying problems based on contact and loop formation.
    • Illustrated five distinct cases of equation determinacy (over-determined, determined, under-determined).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed classification system aids in understanding joint kinetics.
    • It is particularly useful for addressing under-determined closed-loop problems.
    • Helps determine necessary instrumentation for accurate kinetic analysis.