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Preserved liver function and leukocyte response in superlethal endotoxic shock

L T Archer, G L White, J J Coalson

Circulatory Shock

|January 1, 1978

Summary

Pre-treating dogs with endotoxin significantly increased white blood cell counts, improving liver function and survival rates during endotoxin shock. This suggests neutrophils play a protective role in endotoxin-induced liver injury.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Pathophysiology
Veterinary Medicine

Background:

Endotoxin shock is a critical condition with high mortality.
Previous studies indicated endotoxin-pretreated animals survive lethal challenges.
Leukocytosis and liver function changes are observed during endotoxin exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between leukocytosis, liver function, and survival in endotoxin shock.
To determine if pre-treatment with endotoxin enhances survival and protects liver function.

Main Methods:

Awake adult dogs were pre-treated with Escherichia coli endotoxin over several days.
A control group received saline injections before a superlethal endotoxin challenge.
White blood cell counts, liver enzymes (arginase, SGPT), and liver pathology were assessed.

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Main Results:

Endotoxin-pretreated dogs exhibited marked leukocytosis (39,000/cu mm) and survived superlethal doses.
Saline-pretreated control dogs died within seven hours, showing massive hepatocellular necrosis.
Endotoxin-pretreated dogs had significantly lower elevated liver enzymes and only mild liver necrosis.

Conclusions:

Increased neutrophil counts (leukocytosis) are associated with improved liver function and survival in endotoxin shock.
Neutrophil-mediated protection of liver function is crucial for surviving endotoxin-induced insult.
Endotoxin pre-treatment confers significant protection against lethal endotoxin challenge.