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Hypercalciuria in children with urolithiasis

F B Stapleton, H N Noe, S Roy

American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)

|August 1, 1982

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Idiopathic renal hypercalciuria and absorptive hypercalciuria are common in children with urolithiasis. Metabolic evaluation is crucial for diagnosing these urinary calcium excretion disorders in pediatric kidney stone patients.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Nephrology
Urology
Metabolic Disorders

Background:

The causes of kidney stones in children are not fully understood.
Idiopathic renal hypercalciuria and absorptive hypercalciuria are potential contributors to pediatric urolithiasis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and roles of renal and absorptive hypercalciuria in children with unexplained urolithiasis.
To determine the necessity of detailed metabolic assessments in pediatric kidney stone disease.

Main Methods:

Performed oral calcium loading studies in 21 children with calcareous urolithiasis.
Measured urinary calcium-to-creatinine (UCa/UCr) ratios before and after calcium load.
Assessed serum parathyroid hormone levels.

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Main Results:

Renal hypercalciuria identified in 13 children (fasting UCa/UCr > 0.21).
Absorptive hypercalciuria identified in 4 children (normal fasting UCa/UCr, elevated post-load UCa/UCr).
Normal urinary calcium excretion in 4 patients; normal parathyroid hormone in all hypercalciuric children.

Conclusions:

Hypercalciuria is frequently observed in children with kidney stones.
Detailed metabolic evaluation is warranted for pediatric patients diagnosed with urolithiasis.