Meconium peritonitis. Pathology, evolution, and diagnosis

Area of Science:

• Pathology
• Surgical Pathology
• Pediatric Pathology

Background:

• Meconium peritonitis diagnosis is underrepresented in pathology literature.
• Morphologic features can be mistaken for other conditions, particularly in extraperitoneal presentations.
• Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate surgical intervention, including testis removal.

Observation:

• This paper details four cases of meconium peritonitis.
• It reviews existing literature on the disease's pathology and evolution.
• Emphasis is placed on the healed stage, which can mimic tumor masses.

Findings:

• Meconium peritonitis presents diagnostic challenges for pathologists unfamiliar with the entity.
• Extraperitoneal lesions and healed stages are particularly confusing.
• The condition can present as tumor nodules in the tunica vaginalis or inguinal canal.

Implications:

• Increased pathologist awareness of meconium peritonitis is crucial.
• Accurate diagnosis can prevent unnecessary orchiectomy (testis removal).
• Understanding the healed stage aids in correct identification and management.