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Patient behavior in hospitals: helplessness, reactance, or both?

C S Raps, C Peterson, M Jonas

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hospitalization duration negatively impacts cognitive function and increases depressive symptoms. Prolonged hospital stays may foster learned helplessness in patients, affecting their behavior and recovery.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Health Psychology

    Background:

    • Hospitalization can be a stressful experience for patients.
    • The
    • good patient
    • behavior is often characterized by passivity and compliance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cognitive and emotional effects of hospitalization duration.
    • To explore the relationship between hospitalization and learned helplessness.

    Main Methods:

    • Cognitive tasks were administered to 48 inpatients (hospitalized for 1, 3, or 9 weeks) and 24 outpatients.
    • Depressive symptoms and performance on cognitive tasks were assessed.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Cognitive performance declined and depressive symptoms worsened with increased hospitalization length.
  • Longer hospital stays increased susceptibility to the effects of uncontrollable events.
  • These effects were observed even as patients' illnesses resolved.

    • Conclusions:

    • Prolonged hospitalization may lead to learned helplessness.
    • The "good patient" behavior may be a consequence of learned helplessness induced by the hospital environment.
    • Hospitalization duration is a significant factor influencing patient well-being and behavior.