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Diuretics and zinc

A J Reyes, W P Leary, C J Lockett

    South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
    |September 4, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Distal tubule diuretics increase urinary zinc excretion. Long-term use may cause zinc depletion, especially in patients with low body zinc levels, requiring monitoring of deficiency symptoms and serum zinc.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Endocrinology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Distal tubule diuretics (DTDs) are commonly prescribed medications.
    • DTDs are known to affect electrolyte balance.
    • The effect of DTDs on zinc homeostasis is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of distal tubule diuretics on urinary zinc excretion.
    • To explore potential mechanisms behind DTD-induced zinc loss.
    • To highlight the clinical significance of zinc depletion during DTD therapy.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on DTDs and zinc metabolism.
    • Analysis of proposed mechanisms for increased urinary zinc output.
    • Identification of patient populations at risk for zinc depletion.

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    Main Results:

    • DTDs, including chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide, significantly increase urinary zinc output.
    • The mechanism may involve direct tubular effects or hormone-mediated pathways.
    • Long-term DTD use can lead to significant zinc depletion, particularly in individuals with pre-existing low zinc levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Zinc depletion is a potential adverse effect of long-term distal tubule diuretic use.
    • Monitoring for zinc deficiency symptoms (e.g., hypogeusia, impotence) and serum zinc levels is recommended.
    • Caution is advised in patients with conditions predisposing to zinc deficiency, such as hepatic cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus.