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Sauna and congenital defects

L Saxén, P C Holmberg, M Nurminen

    Teratology
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sauna use during pregnancy does not increase the risk of congenital defects. This study found no link between maternal sauna habits and central nervous system defects or orofacial clefts in infants.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Health
    • Teratology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • A hypothesis suggested sauna-induced hyperthermia may cause congenital defects.
    • Previous research on hyperthermia and birth defects has yielded mixed results.
    • Understanding environmental factors influencing embryonic development is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential causal relationship between maternal sauna use and congenital malformations.
    • To assess the risk of central nervous system (CNS) defects and orofacial clefts associated with sauna habits during pregnancy.

    Main Methods:

    • A case-control study utilizing data from the Finnish Registry of Malformations.
    • Inclusion of 100 cases of CNS defects and 202 cases of orofacial clefts.

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  • Interviews with mothers of cases and time-area-matched referents regarding sauna bathing habits.

    • Main Results:

    • High prevalence of regular sauna use (98.5%) among pregnant mothers in Finland.
    • The incidence of CNS defects in Finland is among the lowest reported globally.
    • No significant differences in sauna bathing frequency or duration were found between case and referent mothers.

    Conclusions:

    • Sauna-induced hyperthermia, characterized by mild and temporary temperature elevation, is unlikely to be a significant teratogenic risk for the developing embryo.
    • Maternal sauna use does not appear to be a contributing factor to the observed rates of CNS defects or orofacial clefts.
    • Further research may explore other factors influencing low congenital defect rates in populations with high sauna usage.