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Th determinants of birth weight

C R Dougherty, A D Jones

    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    |September 15, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Maternal smoking significantly impacts term baby birth weight, with moderate smoking reducing it by 107g and heavy smoking by 158g. Other factors like baby's sex and maternal characteristics also play a role.

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    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Perinatal Medicine
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Birth weight is a critical indicator of neonatal health.
    • Numerous factors influence birth weight, including maternal health, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle choices.
    • Understanding these influences is crucial for improving infant outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and quantify the impact of various factors on term baby birth weight.
    • To specifically investigate the relationship between maternal smoking and birth weight, distinguishing smoking from smoker characteristics.
    • To evaluate the accuracy of birth weight loss estimates in studies with varying levels of controlled factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Multivariate regression analysis was employed.
    Keywords:
    Age FactorsBehaviorBiologyBirth WeightBlacksBody WeightCultural BackgroundData AnalysisDemographic FactorsDeveloped CountriesEconomic FactorsEnglandEthnic GroupsEuropeFertilityFertility MeasurementsMaternal AgeMultivariate AnalysisNorthern EuropeOccupationsParental AgeParityPhysiologyPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation DynamicsResearch MethodologySmokingSocioeconomic FactorsSocioeconomic StatusUnited KingdomWhites

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  • Data was collected from obstetric case notes at a London teaching hospital.
  • Factors analyzed included socioeconomic, physical, and medical variables, alongside maternal and infant characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • Maternal smoking, baby's sex, parity, maternal height, weight, marital status, race, and gestation were significant predictors of birth weight.
    • Socioeconomic status and maternal age were not significant independent factors.
    • Moderate smoking (1-15 cigarettes/day) was associated with a 107g reduction in birth weight; heavy smoking (16+/day) with a 158g reduction, after controlling for other variables.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternal smoking directly causes a reduction in term infant birth weight, independent of other factors.
    • The study negates the hypothesis that the 'smoker' rather than 'smoking' is responsible for birth weight loss.
    • Estimates of smoking-related birth weight reduction are more accurate in completely uncontrolled studies than in partially controlled ones.