The effects of dehydration on the dynamics of transcapillary refill

Since the water reserve of the interstitium plays a major role in circulatory homeostasis, its reduction by dehydration may produce severe changes in the organism's response to hemorrhage but this has not been measured experimentally. Twelve immature pigs (22 +/= 2 Kg) were divided into two groups of six each. Control animals had free access to food and water prior to bleeding. Dehydrated animals had water withheld for 48 hours preceding the bleeding. All animals were bled 30 per cent of their calculated blood volumes while awake. No resuscitation was performed. No mortality was observed in the control group of animals, while four of the six dehydrated animals died (66%). All deaths occurred between one and four hours posthemorrhage. Plasma refill reached 33 per cent by 0.5 hours in the control group compared to only 17 per cent by 0.5 hours in the dehydrated group (p less than or equal to .05). Refill in the control group reached 50 per cent by three hours, whereas dehydrated animals surviving to three hours demonstrated no further refill (p less than or equal to .05). BUN, calcium, sodium, and osmolality were consistently higher in dehydrated than control animals (p less than or equal to .05). It is concluded that a reduction in the interstitial water reserve significantly impairs ability to recover from hemorrhage.