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Herpes Simplex keratitis: epidemiologic aspects

D M Bell, R C Holman, D Pavan-Langston

    Annals of Ophthalmology
    |May 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Recurrent herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is more common in winter months. Nonherpetic respiratory infections may trigger HSK recurrences, with a higher male incidence in older patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Virology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a significant cause of corneal blindness.
    • Understanding recurrence patterns and triggers is crucial for patient management.
    • Previous studies suggest seasonal variations and potential triggers for HSK.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze recurrence patterns of herpes simplex keratitis.
    • To investigate potential seasonal influences and patient demographics associated with HSK.
    • To explore hypotheses regarding triggers for HSK recurrences.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of medical records for 141 patients diagnosed with acute epithelial HSK.
    • Analysis of episode timing, patient demographics (age, sex), and intervals between recurrences.

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  • Statistical analysis to identify significant associations (P < .05).

    • Main Results:

    • Recurrent HSK episodes showed a significant seasonal predilection for November-February (P < .04).
    • A higher male-to-female ratio was observed in patients over 40 (1.67:1.0; P < .03).
    • Median interval between recurrent episodes was 1.5 years; no risk factors for frequent/severe recurrences identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Herpes simplex keratitis recurrences exhibit a winter seasonality.
    • Nonherpetic viral respiratory infections are supported as potential triggers for HSK recurrence.
    • Demographic observations include a male predominance in older HSK patients.